Electric heating system



A 30, 1932. V MAYER 1,874,778

\ ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEII' Filed Sept. 1, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 gmntoi A Rene Mayer datum,

Aug. 30, 1932. R. MAYER 1,874,773

ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM Filed Sept. 1, 1930 2 Sheets-Shaw 2 Rene Mayer Patented Aug. 30, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I RENE MAYEB,,OF COLUMBUS, OHIO ASS IGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HUGO NEYER, OF

VIENNA,

AUSTRIA ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM Application filed September This invention relates to an improved automatic electrically operated heating system which in certain of its specific aspects is particularly directed to vthe heating of residences and other buildings containing rooms adapted for human occupants. It is a primary object of the invention to provide a safe, comfortable and healthful heating system wherein an automatic adjustment of the moisture content or humidity of the heated area is maintained and to provide means wherein the object is primarily obtained which consists of glazed tile passages or conduits in which electrically heatedresistance elements are disposed and, whereinadvantage is taken of the hygroscopic character of glazedtile walls to maintain substantially rooms heated by the system. v

The glazed tile of which, for example, ordinary tile stoves or heaters are constructed, is hygroscopic in character and, therefore,

constant the moisture content in the room or possesses a humidity regulating effect. Upon this fact is based the superiority of glazed tile stoves to hot water heatingsystems and particularly electric heating systems, in the matter of affording healthful heating for rooms. The present invention aims to utilize this property of tile in an electric, hotair, room heating system.

In accordance with the present invention the electric heating units are accommodated in hollow spaces, passages or conduits provided in room floors, ceilings or walls possessing tile construction so that. said walls may function as radiators. The floors, ceilings or walls thus heated'are'made suitable for circulating warm air and delivering it to rooms by providing channels in said tiles and associating therewith induction and eduction pipes which open into the room or rooms to be heated.'- H Either the parts of the building housing, the heater or the inner'surfaces of the induction and eduction pipes, leading to and from the heater, are composed of glazed-tiling; The air to be warmed, while flowing through the heating apparatus, is-brought into contact with these hygroscopic surfaces. When warmed, the tiles release the moisture pres- 1, 1930. Serial No. 479,119.

ent in their pores into the room atmosphere .in quantities proportional to their increased temperature. Upon cooling, on the other hand, the said surfaces absorb water vapor from the air of the room in quantities proportional to their reduced temperatures. In consequence a relative humidity which is practically the same at every temperature can be achieved, and it is well known that this gondition is very desirable for human. comort.

For a further understanding of the invention reference is to be had to the following description and the accompanying drawings, wherein: I

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional View taken through the walls of a room and illustrating the heating system comprising the present invention formed in connection therewith.

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken throughthe room on the line 22 of F i ure 1,

Figure 3 is a similar view on an enlarged scale showing more particularly the construction of the heating unit which is arranged in the flooring of the room,

Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section- .al view on the line H of Figure 8,

Figure 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 5-5 of Figure 4, and

Figure 6 is a similar view on the line 6-6 Figure 4. 7

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the numeral 1 designates a room to be heated, a room being selected for convenience in description and illustration, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited merely to house or building heating but may be used in any capacity where elevated temperatures are desired. The room is provided with the usual vertical side walls 2, a ceiling 3 and a floor construction 4. The floor construction consists of a load supporting base 5 which may be of reinforced concrete, tile or other suitable materials used in the construction of floors. Arranged in a pocket or depression 6 formed in the base 5 are glazed hollow tile units 7 which may be disposed in one or more horizontal rows. Above the hollow tile unit 7 there is provided a chromium alloy wire which may be coiled or wound in any desired manner. The elements 10 of adjoining tiles are connected in series by means of fastening members 11' which pass through the adjoining Vertical walls of the tile units.- Current conducting leads 12 extend from the arbitrary terminals 13 and areconnected in any desired manner with the end elements 10 in order that said elements may be serially heated either by direct or alternating current. It is within the scope of the invention to provide switches for controlling selectively the passage of current through the different elements 10 in order to regulate at will the temperature of the room atmosphere. Provided in one or more of the vertical '7 walls of the room is a cold-airintake 14 which horizontal duct 17 which leads to a vertically 7 V I j j 1; The combination of a building room proat its upper end is in open Communication with the. room 1 adjacent to the flooring 4c- The cold-air which settles to the bottom of the room, by rea'son of itsincreased weight, flows into the airi'ntake 14 land is delivered to the transverse channel 15 communicating With'the airinlet ends of the parallel passageways 9. The air is then directedthrough said passageways and contacts with the heating elements 10 which results in raisingthe temperature of the air to 'a' desired point. From the passageways 9 the air is discharged into a transverse outlet channel 16 and is conducted from the channel 16 through ashort extending duct 18 passing upwardly throng one of the sidewalls 2. The upper end of the duct 18 terminates in an outlet 19 in open 7 communication with the room 1 adjacent to the ceiling 3 of the room. The heated air is thus delivered to the upper portion of the room and as it gradually loses temperature descends by virtue of its increased weight towards the floor. The circulation cycle is thenrepeated by the passage of the'cool air into the intake 14:1- 8 7' The velocity of the circulating air, and consequently the speed at which theroom may be heated can be artificially increased or regulated by the installation of a motor "driven fan in one of the confined air passageways of the system. Byproviding suitable distributor conduits it I is, further possible to heat several rooms, either close-by or at a" distance from the apparatus, and also to concentrate the heator the humidity regulating eifect of several of such systems upon one room. In artificial ventilating systems the arrangement which has been described will be further suitable for drying or the removal of vapor by virtue of the hygroscopic efiect of the glazed tiling. Due to the heat capacity of the floors, ceilings and walls used as radiators in this system, the latter may also be used as a central source of heat supply and for widely separated rooms. 'Such a centralheati'ng plant may be used to particular advantage in such 10- cations, for example, as factories or warehouses, where large areas are required to be heated. a V a p In view of-the' present trend on the part of public utility companies in lowering electric current rates, the'presentinvention has the advantage of being relatively economical to employ at a cost not materially in excess of other room heating systems using fluid fuels; Moreover, the system' may be applied to the various rooms of a house and economy is often obtained by thefact that only certain rooms are heated while others may be left'unheated and yet the utmost flexibility is provided in the matter of controlling the heat in any desired part of a house. From a standpoint of comfort the 7 present invention provides a :distinct'improvement over former heating systems in that'the room areas a'fi'ected thereby possess a substantially constantly maintained humidity, which is an agreeable contrast to the moisture depleted atmospheres of rooms heated by ordinary steam, hot-water and hotair heating systems-Q The tile resistance units 7 are preferably placed either-in the floor or wall of a room so that they will be conveniently accessible at all times in order that repairs and replacements may be conveniently made. H

What is claimed is vided with a floor construction, vertical-side walls and a ceiling, saidfioor construction being-provided with a pocket, a plurality of hollow tile units positioned insaid pocket, each of said units being'formed to include an open ended longitudinal passageway, electric heating means arranged in said passageways, an air intake duct leading-fromfsaid room adjacent to the floor thereof'to said pocket to deliver cool air to said passageways, and a heated air delivery duct leading from said pocket through one of the vertical walls of said room for delivering'heated an to said room adjacent the ceiling thereof. 7 r 2. An electric heating system forbuildings comprising a floor construction having a horizontal chamber formed therein, I a plurality of hollow *tile units arranged in said chamber and provided with electric heating means, 7 each of said n'nitsbeing provided with a longitudinallyextending openended passageway, said units being shorter in length than said chamber in order to produce transverse channels in said floor construction between the ends of said units and the corresponding walls of said chamber, means for conducting cold air from a room of said building into one of said channels of a longitudinal passage through said entire units, and means for conveying heated air from the other of said channels to said room. a

3. The combination of a building room provided with a floor construction, vertical side walls and a ceiling, the floor construction being provided with a compartment, a plurality of hollow tile units positioned in said compartment, each of said units being formed to include an open ended longitudinal passageway, electric heating means 00- operative with said passageway to heat the air therein, an air intake duct leading from said room adjacent to the floor thereof to said compartment to deliver cool air to said passageway, and a heated air delivery duct leading from said compartment to one of the vertical walls of said room for delivering heated air to said room adjacent the ceiling thereof.

4. An electric heating system for building, comprising a fioor construction having a horizontal chamber formed therein, aplurality of hollow tile units arranged in said chamber, electric heating means cooperative with said chamber to effect the heating of the air therein, each of said units being provided with a longitudinally extending open passageway, said units being shorter in length than said chamber in order to produce transverse channels in said floor construction between the ends of said unit and the corresponding walls of said chamber, means for conducting cold air from the room of said building into one of said channels, and means for conveying heated air from the other of said channels to said room.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

RENE MAYER. 

